{"id":3100,"date":"2022-12-21T07:13:12","date_gmt":"2022-12-21T05:13:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/davidka.net\/en\/?p=3100"},"modified":"2025-09-22T08:49:30","modified_gmt":"2025-09-22T06:49:30","slug":"sh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/de.davidka.net\/de\/2022\/12\/21\/sh\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Datei- und Verzeichnisverwaltung<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ls<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 Dateien auflisten <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ls ls -l # detaillierte Liste ls -a # inklusive versteckter Dateien<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">cd<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 Verzeichnis wechseln <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">cd \/pfad\/zum\/ordner cd .. # eine Ebene h\u00f6her cd ~ # zum Home-Verzeichnis<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">cp<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 Dateien kopieren <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">cp datei1.txt datei2.txt cp -r ordner1\/ ordner2\/ # Ordner rekursiv kopieren<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">mv<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 Dateien verschieben oder umbenennen <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">mv datei1.txt \/tmp\/ mv alt.txt neu.txt<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">rm<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 Dateien\/Ordner l\u00f6schen <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">rm datei.txt rm -r ordner\/ # Ordner rekursiv l\u00f6schen rm -f datei.txt # erzwungenes L\u00f6schen<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">mkdir<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 neuen Ordner erstellen <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">mkdir neuer_ordner mkdir -p pfad\/zu\/ordner # Elternordner bei Bedarf erstellen<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">rmdir<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 leeren Ordner l\u00f6schen <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">rmdir leerer_ordner<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">touch<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 leere Datei erstellen oder Zeitstempel aktualisieren <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">touch datei.txt<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">cat<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 Dateiinhalte anzeigen <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">cat datei.txt<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">tree<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 Verzeichnisstruktur anzeigen <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">tree tree -a # inklusive versteckter Dateien<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Festplatte und Dateisystem<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">df<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 Festplattennutzung anzeigen <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">df -h # menschenlesbares Format<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">du<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 Gr\u00f6\u00dfe von Ordnern\/Dateien <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">du -sh ordner\/ du -sh * # Gr\u00f6\u00dfe aller Elemente<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">mount<\/code> \/ <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">umount<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 Laufwerk ein- oder aush\u00e4ngen <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">mount \/dev\/sdb1 \/mnt\/usb umount \/mnt\/usb<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">chmod<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 Berechtigungen \u00e4ndern <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">chmod 755 script.sh chmod +x script.sh # ausf\u00fchrbar machen<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">chown<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 Besitzer \u00e4ndern <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">chown benutzer:gruppe datei.txt<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ln<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 symbolische oder harte Links erstellen <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ln -s ziel link # symbolischer Link ln datei1 datei2 # harter Link<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. System<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">uname<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 Systeminformationen <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">uname -a<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">whoami<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 aktueller Benutzer <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">whoami<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">uptime<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 Systemlaufzeit <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">uptime<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">top<\/code> \/ <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">htop<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 Prozesse anzeigen <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">top htop<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ps<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 Prozessliste <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ps aux ps -ef | grep python<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">kill<\/code> \/ <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">killall<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 Prozesse beenden <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">kill 1234 killall firefox<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">date<\/code> \/ <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">timedatectl<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 Datum\/Zeit anzeigen oder \u00e4ndern <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">date sudo timedatectl set-time &quot;2025-09-21 12:00:00&quot;<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">shutdown<\/code> \/ <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">reboot<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 System herunterfahren\/neustarten <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">sudo shutdown -h now sudo reboot<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Netzwerk<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ping<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 Verbindung pr\u00fcfen <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ping google.com ping -c 4 google.com # 4 Pakete senden<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ifconfig<\/code> \/ <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ip addr<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 Netzwerkinterfaces <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ifconfig ip addr<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">netstat<\/code> \/ <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ss<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 Netzwerkverbindungen <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">netstat -tuln ss -tuln<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">traceroute<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 Pfad der Pakete <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">traceroute google.com<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">nslookup<\/code> \/ <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 DNS-Abfrage <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">nslookup google.com dig google.com<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Dateien suchen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">find<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 Dateien\/Ordner suchen <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">find \/pfad -name &quot;*.txt&quot; find . -type d -name &quot;backup&quot;<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">grep<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 Text in Dateien suchen <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">grep &quot;hallo&quot; datei.txt grep -r &quot;error&quot; \/var\/log grep -i &quot;warning&quot; datei.txt<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">locate<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 schnelle Suche \u00fcber Datenbank <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">locate datei.txt<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Archivierung und Kompression<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">tar<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 Archiv erstellen und entpacken <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">tar -cvf archive.tar ordner\/ tar -xvf archive.tar tar -czvf archive.tar.gz ordner\/ tar -xzvf archive.tar.gz<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">zip<\/code> \/ <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">unzip<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 komprimieren\/entpacken <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">zip archive.zip datei1 datei2 unzip archive.zip<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">gzip<\/code> \/ <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">gunzip<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 einzelne Datei komprimieren <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">gzip datei.txt gunzip datei.txt.gz<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Paketverwaltung (Debian\/Ubuntu)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">apt<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 Installation, Aktualisierung, Entfernen <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">sudo apt update sudo apt install paket sudo apt remove paket sudo apt upgrade<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dpkg<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 lokale Pakete verwalten <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dpkg -i paket.deb dpkg -r paket<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Bash-Grundlagen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Variablen<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">name=&quot;Hans&quot; echo &quot;Hallo $name&quot;<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bedingungen<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">if [ -f &quot;datei.txt&quot; ]; then echo &quot;Datei existiert&quot; else echo &quot;Nicht gefunden&quot; fi<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Schleifen<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">for i in 1 2 3; do echo &quot;Nummer $i&quot; done<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Funktionen<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">meine_funktion() { echo &quot;Hallo $1&quot; } meine_funktion Welt<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Benutzereingabe<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">read -p &quot;Gib deinen Namen ein: &quot; name echo &quot;Hallo $name&quot;<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Datei- und Verzeichnisverwaltung 2. Festplatte und Dateisystem 3. System 4. Netzwerk 5. Dateien suchen 6. Archivierung und Kompression 7. Paketverwaltung (Debian\/Ubuntu) 8. Bash-Grundlagen<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3100","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/de.davidka.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3100","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/de.davidka.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/de.davidka.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/de.davidka.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/de.davidka.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3100"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/de.davidka.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3100\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/de.davidka.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3100"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/de.davidka.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3100"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/de.davidka.net\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}